COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE

FOR

Senate Bill No. 288

(By Senators Burdette, Mr. President, and Boley,

By Request of the Executive)

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[Originating in the Committee on Natural Resources;

reported March 31, 1993.]

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A BILL to amend and reenact section two, article five-f, chapter twenty of the code of West Virginia, one thousand nine hundred thirty-one, as amended; to further amend said article by adding thereto a new section, designated section two-b; to amend and reenact section twelve-b, article nine of said chapter; and to amend and reenact section twelve, article eleven of said chapter, all relating to definitions; sludge management; siting approval for solid waste facilities; effect on facilities with prior approval; and recycling facilities exemption.

Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
That section two, article five-f, chapter twenty of the code of West Virginia, one thousand nine hundred thirty-one, as amended, be amended and reenacted; that said article be further amended by adding thereto a new section, designated section two- b; that section twelve-b, article nine of said chapter be amendedand reenacted; and that section twelve, article eleven of said chapter be amended and reenacted, all to read as follows:
ARTICLE 5F. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT.
§20-5F-2. Definitions.
Unless the context clearly requires a different meaning, as used in this article the terms:
(a) "Approved solid waste facility" means a solid waste facility or practice which has a valid permit under this article.
(b) "Backhauling" means the practice of using the same container to transport solid waste and to transport any substance or material used as food by humans, animals raised for human consumption or reusable item which may be refilled with any substance or material used as food by humans.
(c) "Chief" means the chief of the office of waste management of the division of environmental protection.
(d) "Commercial recycler" means any person, corporation or business entity whose operation involves the mechanical separation of materials for the purpose of reselling or recycling at least seventy percent by weight of the materials coming into the commercial recycling facility.
(e) "Municipal solid waste incineration" means the burning of any solid waste collected by any municipal or residential solid waste disposal company.
(f) "Commercial solid waste facility" means any solid waste facility which accepts and is compensated for the receipt of solid waste generated by sources other than the owner or operator of the facility and shall not include an approved solid waste facility owned and operated by a person for the sole purpose ofdisposing of solid wastes created by that person or such person and other persons on a cost-sharing or nonprofit basis and shall not include land upon which reused or recycled materials are legitimately applied for structural fill, road base, mine reclamation and similar applications.
(g) "Division" means the division of environmental protection.
(h) "Director" means the director of the division of environmental protection.
(i) "Open dump" means any solid waste disposal which does not have a permit under this article, or is in violation of state law, or where solid waste is disposed in a manner that does not protect the environment.
(j) "Person" or "persons" mean any industrial user, public or private corporation, institution, association, firm or company organized or existing under the laws of this or any other state or country; state of West Virginia; governmental agency, including federal facilities; political subdivision; county commission; municipal corporation; industry; sanitary district; public service district; drainage district; soil conservation district; watershed improvement district; partnership; trust; estate; person or individual; group of persons or individuals acting individually or as a group; or any legal entity whatever.
(k) "Sludge" means any solid, semisolid, residue or precipitate, separated from or created by a municipal, commercial or industrial waste treatment plant, water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility or any other such waste having similar origin.
(l) "Solid waste" means any garbage, paper, litter, refuse, cans, bottles, waste processed for the express purpose of incineration; wet, dry or composted sludge from a waste treatment plant; water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility; other discarded material, including offensive or unsightly matter, solid, liquid, semisolid or contained liquid or gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining or community activities but does not include solid or dissolved material in sewage, or solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial discharges which are point sources and have permits under article five-a of this chapter, or source, special nuclear or byproduct material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, including any nuclear or byproduct material considered by federal standards to be below regulatory concern, or a hazardous waste either identified or listed under article five-e of this chapter or refuse, slurry, overburden or other wastes or material resulting from coal-fired electric power or steam generation, the exploration, development, production, storage and recovery of coal, oil and gas and other mineral resources placed or disposed of at a facility which is regulated under chapter twenty-two, twenty-two-a or twenty-two-b of this code, so long as such placement or disposal is in conformance with a permit issued pursuant to such chapters.
(m) "Solid waste disposal" means the practice of disposing of solid waste including placing, depositing, dumping or throwing or causing to be placed, deposited, dumped or thrown any solid waste.
(n) "Solid waste disposal shed" means the geographical areawhich the solid waste management board designates and files in the state register pursuant to section eight, article twenty-six, chapter sixteen of this code.
(o) "Solid waste facility" means any system, facility, land, contiguous land, improvements on the land, structures or other appurtenances or methods used for processing, recycling or disposing of solid waste, including landfills, transfer stations, materials recovery facilities, mixed waste processing facilities, sewage sludge processing facilities, composting facilities and other such facilities not herein specified. Such facility shall be deemed to be situated, for purposes of this article, in the county where the majority of the spatial area of such facility is located.
(p) "Class A facility" means a commercial solid waste facility which handles an aggregate of between ten thousand and thirty thousand tons of solid waste per month. Class A facility shall include two or more Class B solid waste landfills owned or operated by the same person in the same county, if the aggregate tons of solid waste handled per month by such landfills exceeds nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine tons of solid waste per month.
(q) "Applicant" means the person applying for a commercial solid waste facility permit or similar renewal permit and any person related to such person by virtue of common ownership, common management or family relationships as the director of the division of environmental protection may specify, including the following: Spouses, parents and children and siblings.
(r) "Energy recovery incinerator" means any solid wastefacility at which solid wastes are incinerated with the intention of using the resulting energy for the generation of steam, electricity or any other use not specified herein.
(s) "Incineration technologies" means any technology that uses controlled flame combustion to thermally break down solid waste, including refuse-derived fuel, to an ash residue that contains little or no combustible materials, regardless of whether the purpose is processing, disposal, electric or steam generation or any other method by which solid waste is incinerated.
(t) "Incinerator" means an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion to thermally break down solid waste, including refuse-derived fuel, to an ash residue that contains little or no combustible materials.
(u) "Materials recovery facility" means any solid waste facility at which source-separated materials or materials recovered through a mixed waste processing facility are manually or mechanically shredded or separated for purposes of reuse and recycling, but does not include a composting facility.
(v) "Source-separated materials" means materials separated from general solid waste at the point of origin for the purpose of reuse and recycling but does not mean wet, dry or composted sewage sludge.
(w) "Mixed waste processing facility" means any solid waste facility at which materials are recovered from mixed solid waste through manual or mechanical means for purposes of reuse, recycling or composting.
(x) "Mixed solid waste" means solid waste from whichmaterials sought to be reused or recycled have not been source- separated from general solid waste.
(y) "Composting facility" means any solid waste facility processing solid waste by composting, including sludge composting, organic waste or yard waste composting, but does not include a facility for composting solid waste that is located at the site where the waste was generated.
(z) "Recycling facility" means any solid waste facility for the purpose of recycling at which neither land disposal nor biological, chemical or thermal transformation of solid waste occurs: Provided, That mixed waste recovery facilities, sludge processing facilities and composting facilities are not considered recycling facilities nor considered to be reusing or recycling solid waste within the meaning of this article and articles nine and eleven of this chapter.
(aa) "Landfill" means any solid waste facility for the disposal of solid waste on land. Such facility is situated, for purposes of this article, in the county where the majority of the spatial area of such facility is located.
(bb) "Sewage sludge processing facility" is a solid waste facility that processes sewage sludge for land application, incineration or disposal at an approved landfill. Such processes include, but are not limited to, composting, lime stabilization, thermophilic digestion and anaerobic digestion.
(cc) "Bulking agent" means any material mixed and composted with sewage sludge.
(dd) "Sewage sludge" means solid, semi-solid or liquid residue generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in atreatment works. Sewage sludge includes, but is not limited to, domestic septage, scum or solids removed in primary, secondary or advanced wastewater treatment processes and a material derived from sewage sludge. "Sewage sludge" does not include ash generated during the firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator."
(ee) "Composting" means the aerobic, thermophilic decomposition of natural constituents of solid waste to produce a stable, humus-like material.
(ff) "Agronomic rate" means the whole sewage sludge application rate, by dry weight, designed:
(1) To provide the amount of nitrogen needed by the food crop, feed crop, fiber crop, cover crop or vegetation on the land; and
(2) To minimize the amount of nitrogen in the sewage sludge that passes below the root zone of the crop or vegetation grown on the land to the ground water.
§20-5F-2b. Sludge management.
(a) The division shall develop and implement a comprehensive program for the regulation and management of sludge. The division is authorized to require permits for all facilities and activities which generate, process or dispose of sludge by whatever means, including, but not limited to, land application, composting, mixed waste composting, incineration or any other method of handling sludge within the state.
(b) The director shall promulgate rules necessary for the efficient and orderly regulation of sewage sludge no later than ninety days after the effective date of this article. TheLegislature finds and declares that conditions warranting a rule to be promulgated as an emergency rule do exist and that the promulgation of the initial rule required by this section should be accorded emergency status. All rules, whether emergency or not, promulgated pursuant to this section shall assure, at a minimum, the following:
(1) That entities producing sewage sludge within the state and/or importing sewage sludge into the state are required to report to the division the following:
(i) The specific source of the sewage sludge;
(ii) The amount of sludge actually generated or imported;
(iii) The content of heavy metals, pathogens, toxins or vectors present in the sludge; and
(iv) Each location that the sludge is stored, land applied or otherwise disposed of; the amount so stored, land applied or otherwise disposed of; and the capacity of that location to accept sewage sludge;
(2) That the producers and importers of sludge pay an assessment fee to offset the costs of the sludge management program;
(3) That the division and local solid waste authorities engage in reasonable and periodic monitoring of all sludge related activities and to monitor data supplied by sludge producers and importers to ensure compliance with state and federal regulations;
(4) That representatives of the division have the ability to enter onto any land application site for the purposes of inspecting and analyzing the effects of sludge application onthat site;
(5) That no permit for the processing or disposal of sludge will be issued until there is an accurate finding that it has been adequately tested and shown not to contain heavy metals, pathogens, toxins or vectors in excess of regulatory standards;
(6) That producers and importers of sewage sludge execute and file a surety bond or deposit sufficient to recover the costs of future environmental remediation;
(7) That no person or entity be allowed to apply sludge to land in a manner that will result in exceeding the maximum soil concentration for all pollutants, including, but not limited to, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selinium and zinc;
(8) That no land, except a solid waste facility, be allowed to accept so much sludge as to exceed the agronomic rate or a rate of fifteen dry tons per acre per year, whichever is less: Provided, That up to twenty-five dry tons per acre per year may be applied in the reclamation of surface mine land;
(9) That information relating to the disposal of wet, dry or composted sludge is available to affected communities;
(10) That all sewage sludge processing facilities contain sufficient design specifications to protect ground and surface waters;
(11) That regulation of composting facilities varies according to types and quantities of materials handled; and
(12) That only living or dead plant tissues are used as bulking agents in sewage sludge processing facilities.
(c) For those facilities which produce sludge and areregulated by the division pursuant to an NPDES permit required under article five-a of this chapter, a sludge processing permit shall be a part of the existing water pollution control permit and shall include a sludge management plan approved by the chief.
(d) For facilities covered by an existing solid waste facility permit as required in this article, a sludge management plan shall be filed as part of the application and all such facilities shall be governed by applicable state and federal rules and regulations.
(e) On and after the effective date of this section, any new facility seeking to land apply, compost, incinerate or recycle sludge shall first apply for and obtain a permit from the division. No such permit may be issued until the regulation provided for in subsection (b) of this section is effective.
(f) All wet, dry or composted sewage sludge land applied or disposed of in any manner within a landfill shall be subject to all tipping and other fees levied by this chapter on the disposal of solid wastes.
ARTICLE 9. COUNTY AND REGIONAL SOLID WASTE AUTHORITIES.

§20-9-12b. Siting approval for solid waste facilities; effect on facilities with prior approval.

(a) It is the intent of the Legislature that all commercial solid waste facilities operating in this state must receive site approval at the local level, except for recycling facilities, as defined in section two, article five-f of this chapter, that are specifically exempted by section twelve, article eleven of this chapter. Notwithstanding said intent, facilities which obtained such approval from either a county or regional solid wasteauthority, or from a county commission, under any prior enactment in this code, and facilities which were otherwise exempted from local site approval under any prior enactment in this code, shall be deemed to have satisfied such requirement. All other facilities, including facilities which received such local approval but which seek to expand spatial area or to convert from a Class B facility to a Class A facility, shall obtain such approval only in the manner specified in sections twelve-c, twelve-d and twelve-e of this article.
(b) In considering whether to issue or deny the certificate of site approval as specified in sections twelve-c, twelve-d and twelve-e of this article, the county or regional solid waste authority or county commission shall base its determination upon the following criteria: The efficient disposal of solid waste generated within the county or region, economic development, transportation facilities, property values, groundwater and surface waters, geological and hydrological conditions, aesthetic and environmental quality, historic or cultural resources, the present or potential land uses for residential, commercial, recreational, industrial or environmental conservation purposes and the public health, welfare and convenience.
(c) The county or regional solid waste authority, or county commission, as appropriate, shall complete findings of fact and conclusions relating to the criteria authorized in subsection (b) hereof which support its decision to issue or deny a certificate of site approval.
(d) The siting approval requirements for composting facilities, materials recovery facilities and mixed wasteprocessing facilities shall be the same as those for other solid waste facilities.
ARTICLE 11. WEST VIRGINIA RECYCLING PROGRAM.
§20-11-12. Recycling facilities exemption.
Recycling facilities, as defined in section two, article five-f of this chapter, whose only function is to accept free-of- charge, buy or transfer source separated material or recycled material for resale or transfer for further processing shall be exempt from the provisions of articles five-f and nine of this chapter and sections one-c and one-f, article two, chapter twenty-four of this code.